Extruding machine for plastic material



APTiH 1949 E. DELLENBARGER 2,466,934

Filed Jan. 5, 1946 IN VEN TOR:

Aprii 12, 1949 c. E. DELLENBARGER EXTRUDING MACHINE FOR PLASTIC MATERIAL4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 5 1946 HQQB,

Inventor Aprifi 1949- c. E. DELLENBARGER 2,466,934

EXTRUDING MACHINE FOR PLASTIC MATERIAL Filed Jan. 5, 1946 .4Sheets-Sheet 3 rz mentor Uioarlesj'l fiellezzbazyer m 1949. c.E.DELLENBARGER 2,4$6,934

'EXTRUDING MACHINE FOR PLASTIC MATERIAL Filed Jan. 5,.1946 4Sheets-Sheet 4 fj'ffio a, 27 /9 a) 45 w 45 In ven 26-02Uizlwrleslilfiellerzfiarger Patented Apr. 12, 1949 UNITED OFFICE r a nCharles E. Dell enbarger, Chicago, 111. A p i a n Janua 5, aer ie-$ 47 Ca ms- My invention relates to improvements in extruding machines forextrudingplastic material.

The object of my invention .is to construct a machine for continuouslyextruding the m terial and employing screw impellers arranged in a noyelmanner, whereby reater'power maybe applied to the impellers than hasbeen possible heretofore.

A further object is to provide a housing having conical chambers forreceiving the materialjto' be extruded, and employ conical screwimpellers within said chambers, arranged withjthe conical surfaces ofthe chambers'and impellers tapering toward the restricted dischargeorifice located at the smaller ends of said chambers. whereby theconical impellers will act upon the :material with increasing pressureas it is moved through said chambers, and the material willibedischarged through said orifice at a highveloc'ity by the action of theconical impellers.

A further object is to employtwo conical ,sCIew impellers arranged withtheir axes formin an acute angle and havin a common vertexglh idthelateral conical surfaces of said impellers positioned tangent to eachother, whereby the blades of the adjacent impellers will acttogetherupon the material with it gradually increasing impelling forceas the material is acted upon by the reduced area of the blades of theimpellers adjacent to the apexes of the latter.

A furtherobject is to provide a novel housing having said conicalchambers for confining the plastic material about the impellers, andalso provide the housing with a longitudinal passage extending laterallybetween said chambers, through which passage the material may be mixedtogether and subjected to the combined action of the impellers.

A further object is to provide shafts for rotating the impellers, andarrange the shafts in axial alignment with the respective impellers,whereby said shafts may be extended in angular relation to each other,and also extended beyond the housing a sufficient distance to permitlarge gear wheels to be mounted upon the shafts for applying extremelyhigh powered driving means for rotating the shafts and the impellers.

A further object is to provide a novel arrangement of countershaftspositioned in parallel 'relation to the shafts which rotateth'e'impellers. Speed reduction gears are providedbetween each pair ofparallel shafts.

A further object is tomount bevel gears ipon the converging ends of thecountershafts, for rotatingthe latter in unison, by applyin power to oneof the countershafts.

(Cl. le -l2) [I 6 and ll'are coextensivewith the generated coni- Thesetogether with various other novel featuresqf construction andarrangement of' the parts, whichwill be hereinafter more fully describedand claimed, constitute my invention.

Beierring to the accompanying drawings:

Fig; 1 is a plan view of my novel extruding machinawith a portion of thehousing broken away for 'showin'gthe impellers. Fig. 2 is an endelevation looking toward the i h han .o

Fig, 2 is alongitudinal, vertical, section on line 3+3, Fig. 1. Fig. lis a transverse ,vvertical, section on line 2 I I Fig. .5 is atransverse, vertical, section on line v5,' 5- f- Fig. 6 is an endelevation of a portion of the housin looking toward the left hand end ofFig. 1.

Fig. 7 isa horizontal section on line 'l1, Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is alongitudinalwertical, section on line 8 3, Fig. 1.

In the drawings in which like reference characters referto like parts,l0 represents my novel extruding machine, having a bed plate 12 uponwhic i mountedpe st ls i3 and 14, suppor n a h usinsl i- The housin H?has conical chambers l5 and l'| termed therein for receiving plasticmaterial which is'to be subjectedto pressure and extruded from saidchambers. Said housing is provided with a lon itudinal passage 1 8,which extends the en ire length of said chambers and provides a ate a ps ge or t e p asti ma er a ee the chambers .IB and Ill. The housing l5has a h pper 1. pr vided with le pe gs 2.0 a d 2|;"communicating withthe larger endsof the cha bers 16 and I1: Said hous n h sd hrs openin sHand 23, iqm n a onnn n o ifice located at the smaller ends of saidchambers.

' [Truncated conical screw impellers and 25, formed with h lic b a es26', a e moun for rot t i hi th hamb s 16 r d H. o com- Pressing t plastc m e al a d xtr in th ter rom aidchambers. :Ih'e conical mb Figs. 4 to6. If theaxes of the impellers, as shown in .Fig. 1 ,'were"extendedibcyond the upper bases 'oftheir conical frustrums, said axeswould con- ,yergejatacoinmonvertex' just beyond the holis- .facingsurfaces of the housing sections.

ing I5, adjacent to the discharge openings 22 and 23. The axes of theimpellers diverge from said common vertex at an acute angle and thelarger bases of the conical impellers are located adjacent to the inletopenings 20 and 2| of the housing.

The lateral generated conical surfaces of the blades 26 of the twoimpellers are tangent to each other and the adjacent elements of thecones extend in parallel relation throughout the length of the conicalchambers l6 and I1 along a line bisecting the angle formed between theaxes of the impellers. The impellers are mounted within the housing sothat the blades 26 .will. havev a working clearance between them.

The medial portion of the housing l5, between the chambers l6 and I1,provided with the above relation and extrude the plastic material fromthe chambers l6 and H.

The housing |5 is made in four sections 21 to 36, eachsection havingwalls forming horizontal facing surfaces which are secured together bybolts 32, and vertical facing surfaces which are secured together bybolts 33, as shown in Figs. 3 to 6.

The housing sections 21 to 36 are secured to an end bearing head 35 bybolts 36. The head 35 comprises two sections 31 and 38, having lugs 39provided with vertical facing surfaces, secured together by bolts 40, asshown in Figs. 2 and 3. By this construction the impellers 24 and 25 maybe readily inserted and removed from the housing |5 by removing the twoupper sections 21 and 28 from the end head sections 31 and 38 and fromthe two lower sections 29 and 36. The latter sections 29 and 36 aremounted upon the pedestals l3 and l4. 7

The upper sections 21 and 28 of the housin have upstanding walls whichform the hopper l9. As shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 5, each of the uppersections 21 and 28 has upstanding longitudinal walls 42 and 43, andtransverse walls 44 and 45, which form one half of thehopper 19. Thewall 43 is for strengthening the housing only, as it is not essentialthat the hopper l9 have separate inlet openings. Said sections 21 to 30have laterally projecting flanges 46, as shown in Fig. 1, which arelocated in the same vertical planes with the walls 45 of the hopper l9.The flanges 46 are secured to the end head 35 by said bolts 36. Thelower sections 29 and 36 have depending flanges 41 also secured to thehead 35, as shown in Fig. 3. The lower sections 29 and 36 havelongitudinal flanges 48, forming valances, for the attachment of thepedestals l3 and I4.

All of the housing sections 21 to 36 have end flanges 49, located in acommon vertical plane at the discharge end of the housing, and providemeans for the attachment of any of the well .known forms of dies, notshown in the drawings.

The housing sections 21 to 36, as shown in Figs.

' 4, 5, and 6, have internally projecting ribs 50 to 53 which form partof the longitudinal vertical Said ribs also have curved surfaces whichconform to the conical surfaces of the impeller chambers l6 and I1. Thetwo adjacent ribs 56 and 5| on the upper sections of the housingterminate in spaced relation to the two lower adjacent ribs 52 and 53,and form said longitudinal passage 18 connecting the chambers l6 and I1,as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Said passage l8 forms 'a'space which isoccupied by the adjacent portions of the peripheries of the blades ofthe conical impellers 24 and 25.

The truncated conical impellers 24 and 25 are each constructed with anaxial core, or shaft 56, upon which is mounted the helical blades 26. Adisk 51 is formed on, or secured upon, the shaft 56 and forms the lowerbase of the conical impeller.

The impellers 24 and 25 are rotated by means of driven shafts 66 and 6|which are positioned in axial alignment with the shafts 56 of theimpellers, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 8. The shafts 66 and 6| extendinto the housing l9 through apertures formed through the end head 35.

Each of the shafts 66 and 6| is rotatably mounted in a bearing 62forming part of said head 35. As shown in Fig. 8, each shaft has anenlarged disk 63 which is coupled with the end disk 51 of an impeller bymeans of a standard coupling plate 65, .having keys 661and 61 looselymounted in transverse slots formed, in the faces of the disks 56 and 63,to allow for slight variations in alignment between the shafts 66 and 6|and the impellers rotated by said shafts.

A thrust bearing 68 is provided between the disk 63 and the end flangeof the bearing 62, as shown in Fig. 8. The shafts 60 and 6| extendthrough the bearings 62 without the housing and are positioned in acuteangular relation to each other, as shown in Fig. 1. Said shafts divergefrom the housing for the purpose of obtaining sufficient space betweenthe shafts for mounting large fgear wheels uponthem, thus permitting theuse of high powered driving means for rotating said shafts and theimpellers for subjecting the plastic material to greater pressure thanhas heretofore been possible.

The diverging ends of'the shafts 60 and 6| are .mounted for rotation inbearings 10 and 1|, se-

cured to pedestals 12 and 13, which in turn are mounted upon the baseplate l2, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The impellers and the shafts 66 and6| are rotated 'by means of countershafts 15 and 16, which are mountedin acute angular relation to'each other and in parallel relation withthe shafts 69 and 6 l, respectively, as shown in Figs. 1 and 7. Thecountershafts 15 and 16 are located directly below the shafts 66 and 6|,as shown in Figs. 2 and 8. The converging ends of the countershafts aremounted for rotation, as shown in Figs. '7 and 8, in bearings 11 and 18,secured upon pedestals 19 and 80, which are mounted upon the base plate|2. The divergent ends of the shafts 15 and 16 are mounted for rotationin bearings BI and 82, secured upon the pedestals 12 and 13, as shown inFigs. 2 and 7.

The countershafts 15 and 16 are rotated by means of a chain of speedreduction spur gears driven by a motor 83 mounted upon the bed plate I2.

A pinion 85, on the motor shaft 86, meshes with a larger gear 81,secured upon an idler shaft 68, carrying a small gear 89, which lattermeshes with a larger gear 96, secured upon an idler shaft 9|, upon whichlatter is secured a small gear 92, which meshes with a larger gear 93,secured upon the countershaft 16 and rotates the latter.

Upon the countershaft 16 is secured a small gear 94 which meshes with alarger gear 95, secured upon the shaft 6|, which in turn rotates theimpeller 25. The countershaft 15 is driven by the countershaft 16, bymeans of bevel gears The countershaft I5 has secured thereon a smallgear 98, which meshes with a larger gear 99, secured upon the shaft 60,which in turn rotates the impeller 24, in the opposite direction fromthe direction of rotation of the impeller 25.

As shown in Fig. 7, the idler shaft 88 is mounted for rotation uponbearings I and llil, secured to the bed plate 12. The idler shaft 9| ismounted for rotation upon a bearing I02, secured upon the bed plate 12,and also mounted upon a bearing I03, secured upon the pedestal 13.

The conical formation of the impellers 24 and 25, positioned with theiraxes converging, and their conical surfaces positioned so that theblades of the two impellers will roll together within the housing,permits the shafts 60 and SI to diverge from the housin in an acuteangle and in axial alignment with the axes of the impellers.

The angular relation of the shafts 60 and BI permits the use of largegears 95 and 99, each having a greater radius than the distance betweensaid shafts at the points where they enter the bearings 62 of thehousing (5. The gears 95 and 99 each have a greater radius than theradius of either of the disks 57 of the impellers. The shafts 60 and 6|may be of large diameter, and extended from the housing, in divergingrelation to each other any distance necessary to obtain a clearance forthe large gears 95 and 99 adapted for rotating the impellers with thedesired amount of power for extruding the material from the housing.

The countershafts I and 16 are located below the driven shafts 60 andBI. Said shafts l5 and 16 are positioned in parallel relation with theshafts 60 and GI, as shown in Figs. 1 and 7, which arrangement permitsthe use of spur gears of heavy construction, arranged in pairs, andmounted upon shafts extending parallel to each other. The countershaftsand 16 are rotated in unison by means of the bevel gears 96 and 91.

The operation is as follows: The plastic material is supplied to themachine through the hopper l9 and it is drawn into the chambers of thehousin by the continuously rotating impellers, which latter are rotatedby the shafts 60 and BI driven by the countershafts 75 and 16.

The countershaft 16 is driven by the motor 83 through intermediate speedreduction gears 85, 81, 89, 90, 92, and 93, which latter is secured uponthe countershaft 16. A gear 94 on the countershaft 16 meshes with thegear 95 on the shaft 6| and rotates the latter and the impeller 25. Allof the gears for driving the shaft 6| are arranged with their axes inparallel relation.

The countershaft 16 rotates the countershaft l5 through the bevel gears96 and 91. The countershaft 15 has secured thereon the gear 98 whichmeshes with the gear 99 on the shaft 60 and rotates the latter and theimpeller 24 in the opposite direction from the impeller 25.

The housing 15 is constructed with the lateral passage I8 connecting theimpeller chambers. The impeller blades roll together in tangentialrelation and have a combined action upon the material and subject thelatter to great pressure. The conical chambers of the housing confinethe material about the impellers. By constructing the impellers inconical form the helical blades thereof are reduced in surface area, andthe blades are positioned closer together toward the vertex of eachimpeller, whereby increased pressure is applied to the material as it isadvanced by the impellers through the housing chambers toward thedischarge orifice, through which it is extruded under great pressure.

By constructing the housing in detachable sections, the impellers may bereadily removed for cleaning purposes, or for the substitution ofimpellers having different pitch distances between the blades.

Various changes in the construction and arrangement of the parts may bemade without departing from my invention.

I claim:

1. An extruding machine for plastic material having in combination, ahousing adapted for receiving said material, said housing having conicalchambers formed therein with their axes positioned in acute angularrelation to each.other and with a longitudinal interconnecting passagethroughout the lengths of the chambers at the adjoining sides, conicalscrew impellers mounted for rotation within the respective chambers andtangent to one another at their adjoining sides, said housing comprisingfour longitudinal sections detachable along planes perpendicular to eachother, one of said planes coinciding with the plane of the plane angleextending through the axes of the two impellers, the other of saidplanes extending along a line bisecting the angle formed between saidaxes, means detachably securing said sections together, an end head, andmeans detachably securing said sections to said head.

2. An extruding machine for plastic material comprising, a housinghaving conical chambers arranged with their axes converging adjacent toa common vertex, said housing having an inlet opening for receiving saidmaterial at the larger ends of said chambers and a discharge openinglocated adjacent to said vertex, conical screw impellers mounted forrotation within the respective chambers, shafts mounted for rotation inaxial alignment with the axes of the respective chambers, said shaftsadapted for rotating said impellers, said shafts having portionsextending without the housing and diverging in acute angular relation toeach other, a countershaft positioned in parallel relation with each ofthe first mentioned shafts, intermeshing bevel gears secured upon theconverging ends of the countershafts adjacent the housing, gearing uponeach count-ershaft and cooperating gearing on the first mentionedshafts, both more remote from the housing than the bevel gears, adaptedfor rotating the first mentioned shafts respectively, a motor, and speedreduction gearing arranged between the motor and one of saidcountershafts.

CHARLES E. DEILENBARGER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 72,393 Hale Dec. 17, 1867 869,307Jones Oct. 29, 1907 1,283,947 Steinle Nov. 5, 1918 1,690,784 HilgersNov. 6, 1928i 1,744,591 Taurel Jan. 21, 1930 2,048,286 Pease July 21,1936 2,057,467 Williams Oct. 13, 1936 2,360,984 Schmitz Oct. 24, 1944FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 180,638 Great Britain Oct. 24,1944

